KUB or Kidney, Ureter and Bladder: This is an abdominal X-ray that includes kidney, ureter, bladder, and other structures such as the diaphragm above and the pelvis below.

Ketoacidosis: A feature of uncontrolled diabetes. Ketosis is the accumulation of substances called ketone bodies in the blood. Acidosis is increased acidity of the blood. Symptoms of ketoacidosis include rapid or deep breathing with a fruity odor to the breath; confusion; frequent urination (polyuria); poor appetite; and eventually loss of consciousness. The treatment of ketoacidosis is a matter of urgency and is usually done in a hospital. It may require the administration of intravenous fluids, insulin, and glucose.

Kidney dialysis: see Dialysis

Kyphosis: Outward curvature of the spine, causing a humped back.